Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal epilepsy, with many patients developing drug-resistant epilepsy. Surgical interventions, including stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-guided temporal lobe resection (TLR) and SEEG-guided responsive neurostimulation (RNS), are key treatment options. This systematic review compares the efficacy and safety of these interventions in drug-resistant TLE.

A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of multiple databases was performed (January 23–February 14, 2025). Eligible studies included adult patients with drug-resistant TLE undergoing SEEG-guided TLR or RNS (where SEEG was used pre-implant for localization). Primary outcomes assessed included seizure freedom, seizure reduction, adverse events, and quality of life (QoL) improvements. Quality assessments were performed using appropriate tools for randomized and observational studies.

Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 440 participants. SEEG-guided TLR achieved an average seizure freedom rate of 58.5% (range: 32–85%) and a mean seizure reduction of 75% (range: 60–90%). SEEG-guided RNS resulted in an average seizure freedom rate of 12.85% and seizure reduction of 63.2%, with variability across studies. QoL improvements were reported in 80–82% of patients. Adverse events were infrequent but varied between interventions.

This review highlights the effectiveness of SEEG-guided TLR and RNS in managing drug-resistant TLE. While both interventions reduce seizure burden and improve QoL, seizure freedom rates are higher with resection. However, gaps remain in understanding long-term cognitive outcomes and demographic influences on treatment response. Future research should address these factors to refine patient selection and optimize epilepsy care.

The existing wound assessment tools, which are based on modern medical theory, limit the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing. This research aimed to develop a scientific, standardized, and characteristic TCM nursing evaluation form for chronic wounds.

Based on a literature review and research group discussions, an initial draft of an expert consultation questionnaire, based on literature from the past five years (2017–2021) from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed, was formulated. The authority of the experts was expressed using the authority coefficient, derived from self-evaluations, which is critical for ensuring the scientific validity and rationality of the indicator system. After three rounds of Delphi expert consultation, the TCM nursing assessment form for wound surfaces was finalized.

The effective response rate for the three rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100%. The judgment coefficient was 0.85, the familiarity coefficient was 0.89, and the authority coefficient was 0.87. The coefficients of variation for the three rounds were 0.172, 0.044, and 0.013, respectively, while the Kendall’s coefficients of concordance were 0.406, 0.269, and 0.502, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The final TCM nursing assessment form for wound surfaces included four basic information items, two primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 13 tertiary indicators.

The TCM nursing assessment form integrates TCM syndrome differentiation principles and provides a standardized tool for the assessment of chronic wounds.

Amaranth is conventionally consumed as a significant source of nutrients and bioactive compounds and is a potential alternate crop. The present study aimed to validate the folklore and ethnomedicinal claims regarding the utilization of foliar tissues of the pseudocereal Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. for their pharmacological propensities, primarily focusing on bioactive polyphenolic compounds and associated anti-degenerative properties, in view of the scarce evidence available on the same.

Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array assay of nineteen significant bioactive polyphenolic compounds, along with their in vitro antioxidant-based pharmacological properties (superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties, metal-chelating and reducing properties, radical scavenging properties, anti-lipid peroxidation and protein coagulation properties, and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities), were assessed and compared for foliar extracts of ten promising experimental accessions of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, grown in two different seasons (summer and winter).

The results exhibited germplasm-specific variations in the pharmacological potential of foliar tissues of the experimental amaranths, which can be substantiated by data showing a close correlation between the abundance of bioactive polyphenolic compounds (naringin, myricetin, naringenin, apigenin, rutin, catechin, quercetin) and in vitro antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing, and metal-chelating) properties, as well as anti-diabetic (inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities) and anti-inflammatory (anti-lipid peroxidation) attributes. Accessions IC107144 and IC47434 stood out as the most promising medicinal crops based on overall in vitro anti-degenerative properties and the bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds.

Overall, the results validated the traditional ethnomedicinal claim regarding the utilization of foliar tissues of the underutilized pseudocereal Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., and identified lead germplasms (IC107144 and IC47434) as low-cost natural sources of bioactive compounds, potentially promoting their pharmacological utilization.

Guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) is often used to evaluate evidence of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) in children in primary care and gastroenterology settings; however, it has not been validated for this diagnosis, and little is known about the positivity rates in early infancy. In this study, we used samples from healthy asymptomatic infants aged two weeks to two months to evaluate the gFOBT positivity rate compared to those diagnosed with FPIAP.

This was a nested case-control study. Frozen stool samples from infants aged two days to five months enrolled in the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Allergic Proctocolitis study were evaluated using gFOBT (n = 123). The results were interpreted by three blinded staff members, including a trained clinical research coordinator, a pediatric gastroenterologist, and an experienced medical assistant. Additionally, the samples were analyzed using a quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for hemoglobin to compare with gFOBT results.

Eight percent of samples from the 100 healthy asymptomatic infants were gFOBT positive (11% when including positive and equivocal results). Seventy-four percent of samples from infants diagnosed with FPIAP were gFOBT positive. The interrater reliability of gFOBT interpretation was 81%. Of the healthy samples that yielded a positive gFOBT result, 50% also yielded a positive FIT result. Of the 23 FPIAP samples that yielded a positive gFOBT result, 29% yielded a positive FIT result.

Healthy asymptomatic infants in early infancy were gFOBT positive up to 11% of the time. Caution should be used when interpreting gFOBT results in young infants in a diagnostic setting.

Alpinia calcarata (A. calcarata) Roscoe (Family: Zingiberaceae) is a rhizomatous perennial herb used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to develop a topical emulgel dosage form by incorporating the essential oil of A. calcarata rhizome and to investigate it’s in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. A thin-layer chromatographic fingerprint of the essential oil of A. calcarata rhizome was developed. Then, an emulsion base containing plant oil was formulated and incorporated within a Carbopol gel base. The physical characteristics of this formulation were evaluated subsequently. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the emulgel was determined by in vitro blood cell membrane stabilization assay and thrombolytic activity assay. The results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The thin-layer chromatographic fingerprint of the test oil demonstrated several bands with unique retention factor values. The formulated herbal emulgel was white, viscous, and homogeneous in appearance. The spreadability was 118 g·cm/M, and the pH of the emulgel was 6.30 at 25°C. The A. calcarata emulgel significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited heat-induced in vitro hemolysis, with the highest activity at a 50 µg/mL dose (87.68 ± 0.35%) compared to the placebo. Furthermore, this activity was found to be dependent on the essential oil concentration (r2 = 0.99) of the emulgel. Therefore, it was concluded that the essential oil of A. calcarata rhizome is an effective active ingredient to be used in a topical emulgel formulation, whereas the diverse phytochemicals present in the essential oil would be the underlying source of its anti-inflammatory activity.