Hematological malignancies present a complex challenge within oncology, necessitating a thorough understanding of genetic factors for effective detection and management. As we delved into the forefront of cancer research, our focus turned to the emerging field of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epigenetic approaches. Among RNA modifications, m6A is the most common and thoroughly investigated post-transcriptional alteration in messenger RNA. The m6A modification involves the addition of a methyl group to the adenosine at the N6 position within RNA molecules, a process mediated by proteins collectively referred to as m6A writers, erasers, and readers. The dynamic nature of m6A modifications on RNA molecules presents a promising avenue for enhancing our understanding of gene expression regulation in hematological malignancies. This review explores the potential breakthroughs that m6A epigenetic tools offer in cancer diagnostics and treatment, highlighting their role in enabling more precise interventions. By acknowledging the importance of genetic insights and integrating advancements in m6A epigenetics, this article advocates for a comprehensive approach to managing hematological malignancies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent yet complex metabolic disorder that has shown a rising incidence over the past few decades. Recent research has identified flavonoids as compounds capable of both preventing and managing T2DM through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include enhancing insulin sensitivity, stimulating insulin secretion, modulating intestinal microbiota, inhibiting glucose absorption, and reducing gluconeogenesis. Moreover, numerous studies have suggested that flavonoids may influence gut hormones. Therefore, we propose that flavonoids could serve as effective therapeutic agents for T2DM by modulating intestinal hormone levels. This review aimed to elucidate the potential pathways through which flavonoids may impact T2DM, with a particular emphasis on their role in regulating the enteroendocrine system.

Several studies have suggested that rose hip extracts have anti-obesity potential. Conventional medicines treating obesity are followed by multiple adverse side effects and is very cost full to society. This makes the investigation of herbal remedies with anti-obesity effects potential highly relevant. This systematic review aims to shed light on the results of existing literature reports on the correlation between the intake of rose hip extracts and anti-obesity effects.

A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science was made to localize relevant experimental literature. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria, including one in vitro study, seven in vivo animal studies, and one human trial with pre-obese subjects. All nine articles are objectively reviewed in this systematic review.

Eight out of nine articles, including the article on humans, presented significant anti-obesity effects. Though some limitations of the studies were found, including the human trial, seven possible metabolic mechanisms are suggested as the underlying cause of the significant effects.

Based on the findings of this review, rose hip extracts containing tiliroside found in the seeds have the potential to become a new herbal remedy with anti-obesity effects. Nevertheless, more research is needed to assess the effectiveness and optimal dosage of the rose hip treatment and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effects.

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in managing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, refractory disease and relapse continue to pose major challenges. These issues highlight the need for innovative therapeutic options to achieve deeper remission and effectively treat refractory and relapsed diseases, thereby improving survival rates. Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising option. NK cells, a specialized population of innate lymphoid cells, exhibit inherent anti-viral and anti-cancer capabilities. Unlike T cells, NK cells do not require prior antigen sensitization to eliminate their target cells, enhancing their potential as immunotherapeutic agents. However, NK cells often exhibit dysfunction in patients with hematological malignancies. Revitalizing these cells represent another immunotherapeutic strategy. Various NK cell-based therapies have been explored in recent decades, particularly in managing AML. These therapies include chimeric antigen receptor-NK cell therapy, bispecific and trispecific NK cell engagers (bi-specific killer cell engager (BiKEs) and tri-specific killer cell engager (TriKEs), and cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells. These therapies are also associated with fewer adverse events, such as neurotoxicity. Despite their potential for clinical cancer management, challenges such as the in vivo expansion of NK cells remain unresolved. This review summarizes the biology of NK cells and the diverse NK cell-based therapies being developed for the potential management of AML, as evidenced in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), originating from primary neoplastic tissues, infiltrate blood vessels, migrate through the bloodstream, and establish secondary tumor foci. The detection of CTCs holds significant promise for early-stage identification, diagnostic precision, therapeutic monitoring, and prognostic evaluation. It offers a non-invasive approach and has broad clinical relevance in cancer management. This comprehensive review primarily focused on CTCs as biomarkers in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma, compared their correlation with key clinical parameters and the identification of gene characteristics. It also highlighted current methodologies in CTC detection. Despite approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for select malignancies, the comprehensive integration of CTCs into routine clinical practice requires procedural standardization and a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular intricacies. The challenges in CTC detection, including limited quantity, technical impediments, and cellular heterogeneity, call for concerted and further investigational efforts to advance precision in cancer diagnostics and prognostication, thus realizing the objectives of precise and personalized medicine.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Multiple treatment modalities are available for the management of HCC, depending on its stage as determined by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. Because liver transplantation (LT) theoretically removes the cancer and replaces the organ at risk for future malignancy, LT is often considered the most definitive and one of the most efficacious treatment options for HCC. Nevertheless, the success and efficacy of liver transplantation depend on various tumor characteristics. As a result, multiple criteria have been developed to assess the appropriateness of a case of HCC for LT, with the pioneering Milan Criteria established in 1996. Over the past 20 to 30 years, these criteria have been critically evaluated, expanded, and often liberalized to make LT for patients with HCC a more universally applicable option. Furthermore, the development of other treatment modalities has enabled downstaging and bridging strategies for HCC prior to LT. In this narrative and comprehensive review, we provided an update on recent trends in the epidemiology of HCC, selection criteria for LT, implementation of LT across different regions, treatment modalities available as bridges, downstaging strategies, alternatives to LT, and, finally, post-LT surveillance.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), characterized by a wide variety of types and diverse clinical manifestations, have always been difficult to diagnose and differentiate. All of them carry a risk of malignant transformation. In addition to pathological examination, which remains the gold standard, various auxiliary diagnostic tests are used in clinical practice. Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, has been applied to medical image analysis. Among deep learning techniques, convolutional neural networks are commonly used for image segmentation, detection, classification, and computer-aided diagnosis. We reviewed several image analysis methods based on deep learning neural networks for the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMDs, including photographic images, autofluorescence images, exfoliative cytology images, histopathological images, and optical coherence tomography images. Additionally, we assessed the current limitations and challenges in applying deep learning to the diagnosis of OPMDs.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract in China. Due to late diagnosis and rapid progression, it leads to a poor survival prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of esophageal cancer. Implementing simple and efficient screening methods is more in line with China’s healthcare economics and national conditions. This article mainly introduces the current status of esophageal cancer screening and new technologies for esophageal cancer screening in China, including endoscopic technology, biomarker detection, exhaled breath detection, and artificial intelligence assisted screening, and looks ahead to its future development trends.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors in the world, and its incidence and mortality have increased year by year. HCC research has increasingly focused on understanding its pathogenesis and developing treatments.The Wnt signaling pathway, a complex and evolutionarily conserved signal transduction system, has been extensively studied in the genesis and treatment of several malignant tumors. Recent investigations suggest that the pathogenesis of HCC may be significantly influenced by dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This article aimed to examine the pathway that controls Wnt signaling in HCC and its mechanisms. In addition, we highlighted the role of this pathway in HCC etiology and targeted treatment.

Liver failure encompasses a range of severe clinical syndromes resulting from the deterioration of liver function, triggered by factors both within and outside the liver. While the definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) may vary by region, it is universally recognized for its association with multiorgan failure, a robust inflammatory response, and high short-term mortality rates. Recent advances in metabolomics have provided insights into energy metabolism and metabolite alterations specific to ACLF. Additionally, immunometabolism is increasingly acknowledged as a pivotal mechanism in regulating immune cell functions. Therefore, understanding the energy metabolism pathways involved in ACLF and investigating how metabolite imbalances affect immune cell functionality are crucial for developing effective treatment strategies for ACLF. This review methodically examined the immune and metabolic states of ACLF patients and elucidated how alterations in metabolites impact immune functions, offering novel perspectives for immune regulation and therapeutic management of liver failure.