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    Consensus Open Access
    Chinese Expert Consensus for the Management of Thrombocytopenia in Cirrhosis
    Xiaoyuan Xu, Yujuan Guan, Jinghang Xu, Song Yang, Yifan Han, Jidong Jia, Yuemin Nan, Lai Wei, Zhongping Duan, Hui Zhuang
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, Published online April 24, 2025. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2025.00105
    Abstract
    Thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis presents significant challenges in clinical practice. To help clinicians rapidly understand and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, [...] Read more.

    Thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis presents significant challenges in clinical practice. To help clinicians rapidly understand and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, the Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Portal Hypertension Group under the Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, convened experts across relevant fields to formulate the Expert Consensus for the Management of Thrombocytopenia in Cirrhosis. This consensus aimed to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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    Mini Review Open Access
    Microscopic Colitis: A Review of the Literature and Histopathologic Mimickers
    Alden Miller, Charmi Patel, Jingjing Hu
    Journal of Translational Gastroenterology, Published online April 24, 2025. doi:10.14218/JTG.2024.00025
    Abstract
    Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that describes patients who present with watery diarrhea, normal or minimal endoscopic findings, and chronic inflammation [...] Read more.

    Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that describes patients who present with watery diarrhea, normal or minimal endoscopic findings, and chronic inflammation identified on colonic biopsy. As the name suggests, microscopic colitis requires histologic evaluation for diagnosis. The two most well-established histologic patterns are collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. In this review, we highlighted the key histologic features of microscopic colitis on biopsy specimens, along with its endoscopic findings, pathogenesis, and underlying molecular mechanisms. We also discussed important mimickers—including amyloidosis, collagenous colitis, ischemic colitis, and radiation colitis—emphasizing their distinguishing histopathologic characteristics. Recognizing these mimickers is crucial, as their treatment strategies are significantly different.

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    Review Article Open Access
    MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Immune Response in Cardiovascular Diseases: New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools
    Ilgiz Gareev, Ozal Beylerli, Albert Sufianov, Leili Gulieva, Valentin Pavlov, Huaizhang Shi
    Gene Expression, Published online April 23, 2025. doi:10.14218/GE.2025.00010
    Abstract
    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgent need for innovative diagnostic and prognostic approaches to address [...] Read more.

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgent need for innovative diagnostic and prognostic approaches to address their complex pathophysiology. Recent advances in molecular cardiology have unveiled immune-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), or immuno-miRs, as pivotal regulators in the interplay between immune responses and cardiovascular pathology. Secreted by immune cells such as T lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, these small non-coding RNAs modulate critical signaling pathways by regulating gene expression. Immuno-miRs influence essential processes, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and fibrotic remodeling—core mechanisms underlying conditions such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Moreover, their presence in systemic circulation within extracellular vesicles underscores their role in intercellular communication, impacting both immune and non-immune cardiovascular cells, such as cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. This dual functionality renders immuno-miRs promising candidates as diagnostic biomarkers for early disease detection and as prognostic tools for assessing disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, emerging miRNA-based interventions—such as miRNA mimics and inhibitors—show considerable promise in modulating immune dysregulation in CVDs, although clinical translation remains a significant challenge. In this review, we comprehensively examine the regulatory roles of immuno-miRs in both innate and adaptive immune responses and explore recent advancements in miRNA-based therapies. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying existing gaps, we provide a comprehensive overview of the transformative potential of immuno-miRs in CVD management. Integrating these molecules into personalized medicine may pave the way for more effective, targeted, and minimally invasive strategies to combat one of the world’s most pressing health challenges.

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    Review Article Open Access
    Environmental Triggers’ Involvement in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
    Tajudeen Olanrewaju Yahaya, Umar Usman Liman, Caleb Dikko Obadiah, Zafira Illo Zakari, Daniel Anyebe, Boniface Gomo Clement, Balkisu Marafa Muhammad
    Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine, Published online July 27, 2022. doi:10.14218/ERHM.2022.00051
    Abstract
    The huge burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been a source of concern globally since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th–19th centuries. To this end, studies have shown [...] Read more.

    The huge burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been a source of concern globally since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th–19th centuries. To this end, studies have shown that certain environmental changes that accompanied the Revolution may have increased the risk and burden of the disease in genetically predisposed individuals. However, documented studies that synthesize these environmental triggers are scarce. As a result, the current study was conceived to synthesize the environmental triggers of T1DM to boost public awareness. Relevant information was retrieved from reputable academic databases; namely, Scopus, PubMed, SpringerLink, and Embase. The results showed that chemical exposure, viral infection, gut microbiome disruption, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, inadequate or exclusive breastfeeding, as well as early exposure to infant feeding formulas could increase the risk and burden of T1DM in genetically predisposed individuals. As a consequence, these triggers could compromise the expression of certain genes involved in insulin synthesis and immune function, such as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), insulin (INS), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) genes. This would result in a dysfunctional immune system in which immune cells, such as T-cells and B-cells and molecules, such as cytokines would attack self-tissues, thus causing autoimmunity of the pancreatic beta cells. Environmental triggers could also induce the T1DM pathophysiology by modifying the epigenome of the mentioned genes. Furthermore, some epigenetic changes could be reversed, which would infer that treatment procedures that would include the pathophysiology of the environmental triggers could be more effective.

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    Original Article Open Access
    Overexpression of RBM34 Promotes Tumor Progression and Correlates with Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Wei Wang, Rui Zhang, Ning Feng, Longzhen Zhang, Nianli Liu
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, Published online July 13, 2022. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2022.00166
    Abstract
    Emerging evidence suggests that RNA-binding motif (RBM) proteins are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and act either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The objective of this study [...] Read more.

    Emerging evidence suggests that RNA-binding motif (RBM) proteins are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and act either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of RBM34, an RBM protein, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

    We first examined the expression of RBM34 across cancers. The correlation of RBM34 with clinicopathological features and the prognostic value of RBM34 for HCC was then investigated. Functional enrichment analysis of RBM34-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed to explore its biological function. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to identify downstream genes and pathways affected upon RBM34 knockout. The correlation of RBM34 with immune characteristics was also analyzed. The oncogenic function of RBM34 was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments.

    RBM34 was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with poor clinicopathological features and prognosis. RBM34 was positively associated with tumor immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells, and immune checkpoint expression. A positive correlation was also observed between RBM34, T cell exhaustion, and regulatory T cell marker genes. Knockout of RBM34 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and xenograft tumor growth, and sensitized HCC cells to sorafenib treatment. RBM34 inhibition reduced FGFR2 expression and affected PI3K-AKT pathway activation in HCC cells.

    Our study suggests that RBM34 may serve as a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target of HCC.

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    Original Article Open Access
    Naringenin is a Potential Immunomodulator for Inhibiting Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the cGAS-STING Pathway
    Li Chen, Siwei Xia, Shuqi Wang, Yuanyuan Zhou, Feixia Wang, Zhanghao Li, Yang Li, Desong Kong, Zili Zhang, Jiangjuan Shao, Xuefen Xu, Feng Zhang, Shizhong Zheng
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, Published online April 28, 2022. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2022.00120
    Abstract
    Naringenin is an anti-inflammatory flavonoid that has been studied in chronic liver disease. The mechanism specific to its antifibrosis activity needs further investigation This [...] Read more.

    Naringenin is an anti-inflammatory flavonoid that has been studied in chronic liver disease. The mechanism specific to its antifibrosis activity needs further investigation This study was to focused on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) pathway in hepatic stellate cells and clarified the antifibrosis mechanism of naringenin.

    The relationship between the cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and liver fibrosis was analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence staining, Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess gene and protein expression levels associated with the cGAS pathway in clinical liver tissue samples and mouse livers. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the relationship between naringenin and cGAS, and western blotting was performed to study the expression of inflammatory factors downstream of cGAS in vitro.

    Clinical database analyses showed that the cGAS-STING pathway is involved in the occurrence of chronic liver disease. Naringenin ameliorated liver injury and liver fibrosis, decreased collagen deposition and cGAS expression, and inhibited inflammation in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice. Molecular docking found that cGAS may be a direct target of naringenin. Consistent with the in vivo results, we verified the inhibitory effect of naringenin on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). By using the cGAS-specific agonist double-stranded (ds)DNA, we showed that naringenin attenuated the activation of cGAS and its inflammatory factors affected by dsDNA. We verified that naringenin inhibited the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors by HSCs to ameliorate liver fibrosis.

    Interrupting the cGAS-STING pathway helped reverse the fibrosis process. Naringenin has potential as an antihepatic fibrosis drug.

    Full article
Special Features

Call for Papers for Special Issue 'Updates of Cytopathology Reporting Systems'

Journal: Journal of Clinical and Translational Pathology
Special Issue: Updates of Cytopathology Reporting Systems
Submission deadline: November 30, 2023
Publication date: An article will be published online as soon as it is accepted

Call for Papers for Special Issue 'Frontier research on the toxicity and efficacy of Chinese medicine'

Journal: Future Integrative Medicine
Special Issue: Frontier research on the toxicity and efficacy of Chinese medicine
Submission deadline: June 30, 2023
Publication date: An article will be published online as soon as it is accepted

Call for Papers for Special Issue ‘New Translational Challenges in Primary Biliary Cholangitis’

Journal: Journal Clinical and Translational Hepatology
Special Issue: New Translational Challenges in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Submission deadline: June 30, 2023
Publication date: An article will be published online as soon as it is accepted

Call for Papers for Special Issue ‘A Spotlight on Progress and Pitfalls in NAFLD/MAFLD Studies, 2022’

Journal: Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
Special Issue: A Spotlight on Progress and Pitfalls in NAFLD/MAFLD Studies, 2022
Submission deadline: March 30, 2023
Publication date: An article will be published online as soon as it is accepted

Call for Papers for Special Issue 'Comparative study of traditional medicine in the world'

Journal: Future Integrative Medicine
Special Issue: Comparative study of traditional medicine in the world
Submission deadline: June 30, 2023
Publication date: An article will be published online as soon as it is accepted

Call for Papers for Special Issue 'Therapeutic effects of herbal medicines on neurological impairment and related mental disorders based on the evidence of clinical and basic studies'

Journal: Future Integrative Medicine
Special Issue: Therapeutic effects of herbal medicines on neurological impairment and related mental disorders based on the evidence of clinical and basic studies
Submission deadline: June 30, 2023
Publication date: An article will be published online as soon as it is accepted

Call for Papers for Special Issue ‘Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines in Cancer and Infectious Diseases’

Journal: Future Integrative Medicine
Special Issue: Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines in Cancer and Infectious Diseases
Submission deadline: June 30, 2023
Publication date: An article will be published online as soon as it is accepted
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