Reporting quality in clinical research is critical for evidence-based medicine and reproducibility of clinical studies. Previous work has mostly focused on the reporting quality of clinical trials and observational longitudinal studies. However, few studies have examined the reporting quality of trend analyses. Moreover, the reporting of recommended statistical metrics in trend analyses remains largely unclear. Therefore, we assessed the reporting quality of trend analyses based on reporting of recommended statistical metrics. We systematically searched the PubMed for the trend-analysis articles published in 10 leading medicine and oncology journals over an 11-year period (2008–2018). Studies published after 2019 were excluded due to a sudden, significant increase in publication numbers during and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. Only original articles, research letters, and meta-analyses/systematic reviews were included. We scored the reporting quality of these articles based on whether they reported p-values, effect sizes, beta/coefficient/slope/annual-percentage-change (APC). 297 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 193 (66.0%) reported p-values and 216 (72.7%) reported effect sizes. Only 13 (5.8%) analyses reported neither p-values/effect sizes nor beta/coefficient/slope/APC. In multivariable regression models, authors affiliated with epidemiology departments were less likely to report effect sizes, whereas those from statistics departments were more likely to do so. Interestingly, U.S.-based senior authors (versus non-U.S.) more likely reported p-values. No factors were independently associated with reporting APC. Overall, the reporting quality of trend analyses in leading medicine and oncology journals appears moderate and warrants improvement. We thus call for increased awareness and further research on reporting quality in trend analyses in oncology research and beyond.

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), caused by apolipoprotein B (APOB) variants, disrupts APOB-containing lipoprotein synthesis, leading to reduced serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and APOB. Heterozygous carriers are often asymptomatic, while homozygotes exhibit severe manifestations like malabsorption, vitamin deficiencies, and hepatic steatosis. In recent years, FHBL has attracted increasing attention due to its association with liver disease and its role as a unique monogenic model of steatotic liver disease independent of cardiometabolic risk factors. Mechanistically, lipid overload, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative damage, and impaired autophagy may drive hepatocellular injury and fibrosis. Challenges include insufficient diagnosis, sparse epidemiological data, and unclear disease progression. Enhanced genetic testing, mechanistic research, and longitudinal studies are critical to improving diagnosis, risk assessment, and therapies for FHBL-associated liver disease.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy faces significant challenges in treating solid tumors, including immune evasion, suppressive tumor microenvironments, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which limit its clinical efficacy. Although it has revolutionized treatment for hematological malignancies, these obstacles hinder its broader application in solid tumors. Nanotechnology offers innovative strategies to address these limitations through enhanced delivery, localization, and control. This review summarizes recent advances in nanotechnology-assisted CAR-T cell therapies for gynecologic cancers, with a particular focus on messenger RNA (mRNA)-based delivery systems, lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and external activation techniques such as photothermal and acoustogenetic modulation. The integration of nanotechnology, especially mRNA-based delivery systems, holds transformative potential for overcoming these barriers. mRNA enables transient, non-integrating expression of CARs, meaning the genetic modifications are temporary. This improves safety and allows flexible control over treatment intensity, while rational sequence optimization (e.g., codon usage, guanine-cytosine content, secondary structure) enhances mRNA stability and protein translation efficiency. Lipid nanoparticles, the leading delivery platform, can be engineered for cell-type specificity and tissue targeting through modulation of their components and surface functionalization. Recent innovations, including siloxane-modified lipid nanoparticles, injectable hydrogels, and photothermal or acoustogenetic activation strategies, enable precise spatiotemporal control of CAR-T cell function in vivo. In ovarian cancer, preclinical studies targeting nfP2X7 and employing multifunctional nanoparticles have demonstrated synergistic efficacy and tumor-specific delivery. This review highlights how nanotechnology platforms can be integrated with CAR-T cell therapies to enhance safety, precision, and therapeutic outcomes in ovarian cancer.

Bacterial infections (BIs) are common and severe complications in patients with liver cirrhosis, but global data are limited. Here, we aimed to evaluate the global prevalence, temporal changes, and associated mortality risk of BIs in liver cirrhosis.

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies published without language restrictions until 11 August 2025. A random-effects model was used for meta-analyses, meta-regression by study year, and pooling adjusted hazard ratios.

Fifty-nine studies, including 1,191,421 patients with cirrhosis, were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of BIs (33 studies) was 35.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.2–41.4). The prevalence of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.5–5.2) and 1.5% (95% CI: 0.8–2.6), respectively. The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria was 6.8% (95% CI: 4.0–11.3). The most common BI sites were the gastrointestinal tract, ascites fluid, and urinary tract. The highest prevalence of BIs was reported in Europe (38.2%; 95% CI: 24.8–53.6), followed by South America (37.5%; 95% CI: 29.7–46.1) and Asia (22.8%; 95% CI: 16.3–30.9). Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure showed the highest prevalence of BIs (44.2%; 95% CI: 29.7–59.8). A modest increasing trend in BIs prevalence was observed over time. BIs were associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratios 2.22, 95% CI 1.33–3.71).

BIs are prevalent in cirrhosis, especially in acute-on-chronic liver failure, with a modest upward trend and increased mortality risk.

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a significant complication of cirrhosis, but its progression and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate dynamic changes in cardiac function, pathology, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage in a mouse model of CCM, and to compare echocardiographic characteristics in patients with cirrhosis.

Bile duct ligation was performed in male C57BL/6J mice to induce cirrhosis. Longitudinal analyses were conducted over eight weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using serum biomarkers, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Pathology was examined with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Sirius Red, and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect markers of inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function. Cardiac and liver function markers were also evaluated in patients with cirrhosis.

Mice subjected to bile duct ligation developed progressive cardiac dysfunction, including reduced cardiac output and diastolic dysfunction (end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular internal diameters, stroke volume, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased, whereas ejection fraction and fractional shortening increased), as well as cardiac atrophy. Myocardial apoptosis, inflammation (elevated tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and p65), and fibrosis worsened over time. Mitochondrial injury was characterized by reduced carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, with increased hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, and lactate dehydrogenase A. In patients with cirrhosis, impaired cardiac function and elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels correlated with total bilirubin.

The progression of CCM is closely associated with cirrhosis severity and appears to be driven by myocardial atrophy, apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Clove essential oil (CEO) derived from Syzygium aromaticum and miswak (Salvadora persica) contains bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. Due to the growing interest in alternatives to conventional antibiotics, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of CEO, miswak, and their combination against key peri-implantitis pathogens.

The antimicrobial activities of CEO, miswak, and their combinations were tested against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. Disc diffusion and serial dilution methods were used to measure the inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations, respectively. Doxycycline served as a standard antibiotic for comparison, while ethanol was used as a negative control. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, with significance set at α = 0.05.

CEO exhibited inhibition zones of 10–16 mm, comparable to that of doxycycline (13–16 mm), whereas miswak (6–13 mm vs. 1–14 mm) and the CEO–miswak combination (8–14 mm vs. 0–14 mm) showed lower activity. Mean minimum inhibitory concentration values were lowest for doxycycline (1.73 ± 0.46 µg/mL), followed by CEO (2.37 ± 0.24 µg/mL) and CEO–miswak combination (2.92 ± 0.12 µg/mL). Statistical analysis showed that the CEO–miswak combination was less effective than CEO (p = 0.0326) and doxycycline (p = 0.0001), but not different from miswak (p = 0.9836). CEO showed slightly greater activity than miswak (p = 0.0605).

Among the natural extracts tested, CEO exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy, whereas miswak was less effective. The combination of CEO with miswak did not enhance antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting antagonistic interactions between their bioactive compounds.

Cardiovascular diseases account for approximately 80% of all deaths caused by known medical conditions, making them the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The present study investigates the use of electrocardiogram (ECG) non-linear features and different topological medical features (heart rate, anthropometry, blood, glucose, and lipid profile, and heart rate variability) to discriminate between different Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scale status groups in adult obesity using machine learning.

We conducted a cross-sectional study between November 2023 and May 2024 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Based on the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scale, patients were categorized into three cardiovascular risk groups: Low (22 participants), Moderate (14 participants), and High (17 participants). From ECG signals at two different positions (ECG_Down and ECG_UP), 27 non-linear features were extracted using multi-band analysis. Additionally, 42 medical features provided by physicians were included. From a pool of 19 machine learning classifiers, models were trained and tested within a nested leave-one-out cross-validation procedure using information solely from ECG, solely from medical features, and combining both (multimodal), respectively, to distinguish between Low vs. Moderate, Low vs. High, Moderate vs. High, and All vs. All.

The multimodal model presented the best results for every comparison group, reaching (1) 88.89% Accuracy and 0.8831 area under the curve (AUC) for Low vs. Moderate; (2) 97.44% Accuracy and 0.9706 AUC for Low vs. High; (3) 93.55% Accuracy and an AUC of 0.9412 for Moderate vs. High; (4) 86.79% Accuracy and 0.9346 AUC for All vs. All.

The multimodal model outperformed single-source models in cardiovascular risk classification. ECG-derived non-linear features, especially from ECG_Down, were key drivers, with medical features adding complementary value. The results support its potential use in clinical triage and diagnosis.

Preclinical studies of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) antagonist deramciclane suggested an anxiolytic profile, which has not been unequivocally established in the clinic. The same receptor profile also indicated that the compound may exhibit antidepressant potential. However, evidence for these effects remains inconclusive. The present study examined the effect of the drug in two preclinical tests with predictive validity for antidepressant activity.

The antidepressant-like activity of deramciclane was assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by measuring immobility time in the forced swim test (doses: 1, 5 mg/kg) and ambulation scores in the bilateral olfactory bulbectomized (doses: 5, 10 mg/kg) rat model. In both tests, the clinically effective antidepressant imipramine served as the control condition.

In the forced swim test, there was a statistically significant effect of treatment on immobility time (F2,34 = 5.77; p < 0.01; analysis of variance), which was attributable to the effect of the 5 mg/kg dose (p < 0.01; Bonferroni post-hoc test). Deramciclane at 1 mg/kg was not significantly different from vehicle-treated animals. By contrast, neither dose of deramciclane (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) reversed the hyperactivity of olfactory bulbectomized rats, whereas imipramine was active in both tests.

Deramciclane demonstrates contradictory evidence for antidepressant-like activity in two validated pharmacological tools that identify such potential. The agent is clearly active in the forced swim test but not in the bulbectomized rat model. Further evaluation of the antidepressant-like potential of deramciclane in pharmacological models with predictive validity is warranted, and a more detailed examination of the dose-response relationship may be informative.